Injection carburetor



April 28, 1953 o. R; CEDARHOLM 2,636,488

INJECTION 'CARBURETOR Filed July 20, 1950 4 Sheets-She et 1 Fig. 7

Fig. 77

' 'I-un: uni-um Oscar R. Cedar/201m IN VEN TOR.

' 28, 1953 9. R. CEPARHQLM INJECTION CARBURETQR Filed July 20, 195;

4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Air 'Fig 3 Oscar R. Cedar/min 7 0.. n gapAR -loLm' INJETION .cmaunistron Aprii 28, 1953 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 filed my '20, 1950 I M 1 fflffflflz VII Oscar R; Cedar/001m @M HQ Patented Apr. 28, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,636,488 INJECTION CARBURETOR Oscar B. 'Cedarholm, Quincy, Mich. Application July 20, 1950, Serial No. 174,927

This invention relates to improvements in internal combustion enginesand particularly in carburetors adapted to be -used in connection with engines of the internal combustion type.

An object of this invention is to provide an injection type carburetor adapted to be used practicall with engines of standard description normally found in motor vehicles, which carburetor is simple in construction inasmuch as there is no float, float valve, float chamber and other analogous structure, venturis have .been omitted entirely and a large number of moving parts are completely omitted, such as an acceleration pump and all of its structure.

A further object of the invention is to provide a device of the character to be described which may be used for liquid, as water or water mixed with alcohol, for injection thereof into the engine intake system.

Another object of this invention is to provide a carburetor which employs a metering assembly that is synchronized with the butterfly valve whereby fuel flow under pressure is initiated and sustained by the conventional fuel pump which is standard on all engines employed in motor vehicles today.

"A further object of this invention is to provide a throat or riser which is adapted to connect with the intake manifold; of theengine, said riser having a boss which opens into-it and accommodates a displaceable valve body having an axially slidable valve core therein, the boss having a, case formed at its upper end with a movable partition therein, for example, a piston or diaphragm upon which suction or negative pressure of "the intake manifoldmay act so as to cause the movable partition to operate and being attached to the valve body causes the valve .body to move in response to suction in the, intake manifold whereby the valve core'mo'ves' inwardl "of theriser so that it may be located in a position for operativeness or operati'on by thethr'o'ttle valve only at such time that a suction is created in the intake mani fold. By this'expedientwhen the engine is not operative the valve is displaced to such' position that thethrottle valve does not appreciably actuate the valve core so that fuel under residual pressure in the fuel puinp and fuel 'pump'lines does-not'cause'the engine to be flooded.

A still further object of this invention is-to 16 Claims. (01. 123-119) 'adjustably regulate the extent of travel of "the Y 2 V as high volumetric efiiciency in engine operation, accuracy and control in the amount of fuel for all speeds of operation, surety in the proper feed of fuel, and others will become apparent in following the description of the illustrated form of the invention.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is an'elevational view of a typical internal combustion engine used in a standard motor vehicle and having the improved carburetor attached thereto appropriately;

. Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional viewrof the device showing it in a condition corresponding to a stopped engine;

Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view somewhat similar to that of Figure 2 and showing the condition of the various elements after the engine has been started;

Figure 4 is an elevational view of the device, portions broken away in section to illustrate detail of construction and showing particularly various parts in their relative positions corresponding to employment with a hot engine;

substantially on the line 6-6 of Figure, 2 and in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 7 is a fragmentary elevational view of apart of the device showing the crank operator for the butterfly or throttle valve;

Figure 8 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially on the line 88 of Figure 3 and in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 9 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially on the line 9-9 of Figure 4 and in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 10 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line Ill-l0 of Figure 3 and in th direction of the arrows;

Figure 11 is a transverse sectional view taken substantially on the line Hll of Figure 10 and in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 12 is a perspective view of the abutment forming member for the valve body and displaceable' partition;

assembly;

,Figure 14 is a perspective view ofv the valve core which forms a part of the displaceable valve which meters the fuel; and

Figure 15 is an "elevational view of the device showing it employed with a water injection as sembly, portions of the riser being 'brokenaway in section to illustrate internal details.

i568 and open into the passage '61.

are adapted to pass in order to fix the riser so to the intake manifold or the adapter 23 dis This adapter is simply a closed in Figure 1. length of conduit which is attached by means of bolts to the intake manifold Hi and may be used where the throat forming riser 2'0 does not match exactly with the standard intake manifold throat, otherwise, the riser 217 would be attached directly to the intake manifold M. .Ahousing 3!! is disposedadja'cent "the riser and consists of an upper case 32 together with a boss 35 which is integrally connected with the side of the riser A bore 36 is formed in the boss 34 and opens "into the riser 28 as well as the chamber 33. A closure 483 is disposed on the outer end of the case 32 and has at least one air vent 42 therein. A central openin M -is formed in the closure to, through which the valve body 4% passes;

Said valve body consists of a sleeve which is "threaded at its outer end as at 48 so that the flexible conduit 58 may be attached thereto by a conventional coupling. Thi flexible conduit is secured to the outlet side of the fuel'pump I 2 and conducts fuel under pressure into the passage 52 in the sleeve '46. There is. an enlarged portionfi l of the passage 52 at the inner end of the sleeve -and a plug "56 closes the inner end of the sleeve. This plug has a bore 58 therein accommodating the valve core 6%. 'Saidvalve core is adapted to slide axially within the sleeve 46 and is provided with various passageways so that it serves as a "metering valve core.

A longitudinal passageiil .is'formed in the core 69 (Figure '3) and opens into the deepest part of 'a' laterally opening notch 62 adjacent the "outer end of the core. A plurality of orifices OrIpOIlIS 64 are formed transversely in the metering core are adaptedto conduct fuel under pressure which "sleeve as."

In order to control the size of opening and "hence the rate of fuel flow through. the passage 6|, the valve core 60 is adapted to slide inwardly and outwardly of the .plug 56 thereby exposing These ports .more or less of the notch which is tapered as disclosed in Fig. 14. V

A resilient bushing 66, for example rubber, is .secured to the inner end of the valve core Glland is adapted to seat upon the inner surface of the plug 58 thereby forming a stop for the fuel flow.

This washer-like member also forms a stop to limit the outward movementof the core 60 with respect to the sleeve or valve body it. Means opposing theoperatio'niof the valvecore i'sprovid'ed. Thlsniea'ns' consists of a spring 68 y which reacts upon and seats uponthe abutment "Hi-in the sleeve ili'formed'at the junction of the enlarged'portion 54 'of the'bore and the smaller portion 52 of the bore. This spring also seats upon the inner end of the core 60, constantly biasing or urging the. core outwardly of the sleevefiifi. I I A transverse pivot pin 1'6" ismoiuited" for rotafixed to the pivot pin 16.

posed inthe case 32 at the lower end thereof.

into an aperture 84 in the pocket whereby ,idling fuel may be drawn therethrough and into the intake manifold M of the engine.

A-crim'p formsa stop 86 in the pocket 80 which isadapted to be engaged by the core 60 for operation of the latter in response to the pivotal movement of the throttle valve '19.

A heat insulating material, as asbestos fiber, spun glass, synthetic'rubber and others SI is die- A movable partition, such as a piston 83 or a diaphragm is attached to the sleeve 46 and is adapted to be moved within the case 32 to thereby axially displace the valve body Mi. A sheet 85 of "heat insulating material is attached to the undersurface of the piston 33 for cooperation with the remainder 'of the insulating material liner. A collar 8'1 also of insulating 'material'is disposed around a part of the outside surface of a'metalliccollards which is disposedbetween the outer surface'of a part of the sleeve 46 and a bimetallic thermostat 90. This bi-metallic thermostat is fixed to the collar 88 at one end thereof and is fixed to the case '32 at the other end thereof. Therefore, 'upon expansion or contraction of the thermostat 90, the collar $8 is rotated.

Threads 92 are provided on a part of the outside surface of the collar-88 and are seated in the threads formed in the 'boss 34. Therefore, when the collar '88 is rotated in response tochanges in temperature within the "housing 30, thecollar 88 is moved axially.

The upper end of the collar forms-an abutment upon which the piston 83 seats or contacts. This limits the axial travel of the valve body 46.

A tongue 9'4 (Figure 12) extends from one end 'of the'collar 88-and is contacted by the set screws '95 and 36 which form a manually adjustable means for limiting the travel of the collar'illl. These set screws are threaded in openings in the boss 34 and by correlating Figures 8 and 9 the position of the collar corresponding to'the cool and hot engine are noted.

So that the movementof 'the'thermostat '90 will be a function of the engine heat content, the conduit 98 is attached by meansofaconventional coupling 991:0 the housing 32 below'the piston 83. The conduit 98 is wound in a coil around the exhaust manifold 16 whereby when the engine is operatedand. hot exhaust gases and products of combustion pass through the exhaust manifold, the air in the coil Hill formed of the conduit '98.becomes heated. V

This'airfis drawn through the chamber38 vbelow the 'piston83 inasmuch as the conduit ,lliil is secured by meansof a conventional coupling 192 to the *housing32 below the .pistonLEiB and also to the'intake manifold [4 or the adapter "23. By having the diameter of the conduit '98 smaller than'the diameter of the conduit it" a vacuum Will'bemaintained'in the case'32 below .the piston 83. In lieu of this expedienta calibrated orifice may beprotiidiedlintheline or conduit 9'8.

In order to adjust the'i'dling speed of the engine,

" various passages.

accesses a manually operableimeansto serve this purpose is provided. .The preferable means consists of a set screw I06 which is threaded in an opening I08 formed in the pivot pin I6. The inner end of the set screw I06 is adapted to enclose a part of the port 82 (Figure 5) in accordance with the adjustment of the screw I 06.

In operation, attention is first invited to Figure .2 which shows the condition of the various elements with respect to each other when the engine -is off or absolutely cold, as just prior to starting the engine. As soon as the engine is cranked, as by the starter, suction is produced-in the intake manifold I4 and hence in the adapter 28, if

an adapter is used. This negative pressure is supplied in the chamber 38 below the piston 83 sage 6I for emission-through the ports 64.

In the condition as disclosed in Figure 2, operation of the throttle valve I9 will not cause enough sliding movement of the core 60 to open the notch 82 for fuel flow.

Accordingly, assuming that the engine has started, the'disposition of the valve body 46 will be approximately that disclosed in Figure 3. Then, when the throttle valve I9 is operated,the valve core 60 will be urged inwardly against the opposition of the spring 68 more or less depending upon the degree of actuation of the valve I9. Ac-

cordingly, more or less of the notch 62, which is tapered, will be open for fuel flow.

The fuel under pressure is taken from the fuel pump I2, through the line 50, which is flexible, so that a somewhat constant fuel pressure head -is always available. While the engine is becoming heated, air is drawn through the open ended coil I wrapped around the exhaust manifold I6, through the housing 30 so that it, being heated, impinges upon the thermostat 90 causing it to expand. This expansion rotates the collar 88 inasmuch as the inner end H0 is secured in a slot (Figure 10) formed in the collar 88 and the outer end of the thermostat 90 is disposed in the-hook II2 which is formed at the end of the spring liner II4, which is arranged over apart of the liner SI and held in place.

I Accordingly, while the engine is hot the limit of movement of the piston 83 and hence thevalve 1 body-46 is'set by the 'upper end of the collar 88 which serves as an abutment. Axial adjustment of this collar is obtained by employing-the set screws 95 and 96 as previously described.

For idling, inasmuch as the suction retains the 'piston 83 in a down position, the valve body 46 is also held down. Only a small amount of the tapered notch 62 is free to receive fuel pnder pressure from the fuel pump and through the The fuel will then flow down to the pocket 80 on the outer surfaceof the core 60. Then, the fuel is drawn through the port 82 and the aperture 84 in order tosustain engine operation at a low or idling speed.

When the engine-is stopped, the spring 68 reacting on the core 60 pushes it outwardly of the valve body '46. This tends to urge the piston 83 .upwardly. Since the suction in the intake mani- -fold no longer exists,- there is no force pulling against the opposition of the spring68 and accordingly, the valve body 46 is displaced outwardly of the riser 20 to completely out ofi the fuel supply,

Reference is now made to' Figure 15. In this instance the metering assembly H8 is passed through the riser 20 for operation by'the throttle or butterfly valve I9. Instead of injecting fuel, water on another liquid .or mixtures of water and other liquids, as alcohoL'are commingled with the fuel charge. Inan assembly such as disclosed in Figure 15, a separate water pump I20 to be operated 'by any suitableengine component is provided with an outlet tube I22 opening into the housing or case I24. A pump inlet pipe I26 is connected to the pump and to a suitable reservoir such as a tank. By omitting the thermostat and its adjustments and adjusting structures water may be injected amounts which are functions of throttle I9 openings, rather than the usual exhaust and/0r intake pressures and vacuums. Due to the fluctuations and changes of exhaust pressures or intake negative pressures the displace: ment of water is never dependable. But, by relying upon the' butterfly or throttle valve 19 for operation, which is controlled by a mechanical linkage, a definite displacement which is a function of the movement of the throttle valve is obtained.

As a subcombination the case I24 with its structural arrangements including the metering valve assembly H8, its metering valve core I28, the pump I20 and the conduits, may be employed with a standard carburetor by simply crimping the butterfly valve to form a pocket therein.

Having described the invention, what is claimed as new. is:

1. In an .internal combustion engine having an intake; manifold, a carburetorcomprising a riser, a throttle valve pivoted therein, a valve body mounted displaceably in said riser, a movable partition secured to said valve body, a case within which said partition is disposed and operable, a conductor secured to said case operatively connected with said intake manifold for vacuum actuation of said partition to thereby displace said valve body, a valve core disposed in said valve body and operatively engaging the throttle valve to operate said core in response to movement of said throttle valve when saidvalve body. is displaced inwardly of said riser.

2. In an' internal combustion engine having an intake manifold, a carburetor comprising a riser,

a throttle valve pivoted therein, a valve body mounted displaceably in said riser, a movable partition secured to said valve body, a case within which said partition is disposed and operable, a conductor. secured to said case operatively connected with said intake manifold for vacuum actuation of said partition to thereby displace said valve body, a valve core disposed in said valve body and operatively engaging the throttle valve to operate said core in response to'movement of said throttle valve when said valve body is displaced inwardly of said riser, means forming an abutment for said body adjustably disposed in said case to limit the displacement of said valve body.

3. In an internal combustion engine having an intake manifold, a carburetor comprising a riser, a throttle valve pivoted therein, a valve body mounted displaceably in said riser, a movable partition secured to said valve body, a case .within which said partition is disposed and op- 76- erable, a conductor secured to said case operaessence --tively aconnected with said intake manifold for vacuum actuation of :said partition to thereby vdisplace said valve body, a valve core disposed in said valve body and operatively engaging the throttle valve to .operate said .core in response :to movement of said throttle valve when said valve .body is displaced inwardly of said riser,

.means forming an abutment for said body ad- .justa-bly disposed in said .case to limit the distplacement of .said valve .body, a thermostat dis- :posed in :said case .and .operatively connected with :said abutment, and means communicating with the interior :of said case for. supplying heatied air ithereinto to operate said thermostat.

4,. The combination of claim 12,.and manually adjustable means carried bysaid case foradjustingsaid abutment.

-:ad311stable means carried by said :case for :addusting said abutment, .means forming a pocket in said throttle valve .to support idling fuel, and said throttle valve having an idle fuel port therein opening into said pocket, and a manually'op- .erable -;ad iustm ent. screw for said. port ldisposed inrsaid throttle valve.

7. A carburetor comprising a riser for attachment to an engine intake, a throttle valve disil osed vin said riser, a displaceable valve body passed through an opening in said riser and having agmetering valve core therein, "the inner end of said metering valve being in contact with said throttle valve :for operation of said valve core, resilient imea-ns yieldingly-opposing the operation of said valve core .and opposing the inward displacement of :said valve body, adjustable means disposed .in the travel path of the valve body and forming .an abutment for said valve body to limit the movement of said 'body, thermostatically operative means forregulating -.-s,a-id abutment.

passed through an opening ;in said riser and having a metering valve core therein, the inner-end of said metering valve being incontactzwith sald throttle valve for operation of said valve core, p ltesilient means ryieldingly opposing the :operaztion-of said valve core and opposing the inward displacement of said valve body, adjustable means disposed in the travel path-of the valve body and forming :an abutment tor said -va'lve body .to limit the movement of said valve "body, thermostatically operative means for regulating said abutment, manually -operable means to adjost said abutment.

core, resilient means yieldingly opposing the'opg.

.eration of said valve core and opposing the inward displacement of said valve body, thermo- .-:statically :operative means connected with. said valve bodyzfor ilim'iting -inward displacement-oi said walve biody.

10. The combination of claim 1 wherein-theorigine includes an exhaustand a=further conductor having communication with the interior of the case and being in heatexchangerelation with the exhaust.

11. For -.use with an internal combustion engine of the type including an intake and an exhaust, a carburetor including :a riser adapted to be connected :to the intake and "having a throttle valve, :afuel va'lving assembly for metering .fuel into theriser comprising apair of relatively movable elements the relative positions of which determine the rate at which fuel .is metered there- Wbypeach of said elements being movable relative to the riser, means operatively connecting :the

valve to one ofthe elements to position .the lat- .teras predetermined by the valve position, means yieldingly urging the elements to relative positions for restricting the flow of fuel, pressure respQnSivemeanS adapted to be connected to the intake to urge movement of the other-element relative tothe riser to increase the now of fuel whereby the rate .of metered fuel fiowis governed by pressure within the intake in-CQnJ'umtion-W t the settingof the throttlevalve.

12. For use with an internal combustion lengine of the type including an intakeland an exhaust, :a carburetor including a riser adapted {to wbeoonnected to the intake and having to throttle valve therein, a fuel valvi-ng assembly Ion-metering fuelinto the riser comprising a pair of relatively movable elements the relative positionsof which de termine the :rate atwhich fuelis metered thereby, each of said elements being movable relative to the riser,;means operativelylconnecting the valve to one of the elements to position the latter as predetermined by the valve position, means yieldingly urging the elements to relative positions for restricting the flow of fuel, pressure responsive means adapted to be connected to the adapted to be connected to the exhaust for addusting the position of the stop.

13. illhecombination of claim 12, wherein the ,pressure responsive .meansincludes .a case having avmovable wall, and outlet conduit communicating with the interior of the case and adapted to ,be connected to the intake, :a relatively smaller inlet conduit communicating with the interior-of the case and adapted togbe placed in heat ex- ;chan-ge relation with the exhaust, said thermally responsive means being disposed in the case.

14.111 a carburetor, a vertically extending riser, a throttle valve in the riser comprising :a ran v r e ;;pi.v t pin iourn le theri ran a valve plate ,fixed to the top thereol, said-valve .pl-at e having a ipocketiolimfid tne'u per side thereof, a transverse passageway extending through the pin and the plate that opens into the pocket, said pivot pin having an axial here that pens to the pa sa way, and an ax a ly adj t bl availvins el men in the bore for non-- strolling flow through the passageway.

15. Ina carburetorfor.internalcombustion,en-

@sines aivertically extendingi'isei, a throttle valve in the riser comprising a transverse pivot pin iournaled the r r-an i va v pl te fixe to th t p th r f, ai valve pla having ,a v pocket ,;formed .in 11311621313126! side thereot means for .inproducin iue rinto th lriseraboreth valve-plate. lsaidzmeansi qmmti inse valveibodymountedidisplaceably in the riser, a movable partition secured to the valve body, a case within which said partition is disposed and operable, a conductor secured to the case and adapted to be connected with the riser below the valve plate for vacuum actuation of said partition to thereby displace said valve body, a valve core disposed in said valve body and operatively engaging the throttle valve plate to operate said core in response to movement of said throttle valve when said valve body is displaced inwardly of said riser, a transverse passageway extending through the pin and the plate that opens into the pocket, said pivot pin having an axial bore that opens into the passageway, and an axially adjustable valving element in the bore for controlling the flow of fuel through the passageway.

10 16. The combination of claim 15, wherein the valve core is provided with a fuel inducting passage therein and extends into the pocket in the valve plate.

OSCAR R. CEDARHOLM.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 

